glutathione reduces toxicity of epoxides Glutathione-Related Enzymes and Proteins: A Review Toxicity mechanism of PAs in

One-way ANOVA was used to compare the GSH, SOD, MDA, dopa oxidase, and melanin content level between groups

Benefits faded rapidlyonly 6.2% maintained any effect at 6 months post-treatment

It combats oxidative stress and prevents premature ageing

compared to the WKY group, glycerylphosphorylcholine, LysoPC (18:0/0:0), PC (18:0/22:6 (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), and PS (20:4 (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:2 (13Z,16Z)) were expressed at higher levels in the ESC group, while the remaining 11 differential metabolites were downregulated

Recovery was assessed over a 90-day period using functional indices (Walking Recovery Index [WRI] and Motor Function Index [MFI]), biomechanical testing, ultrasound and MRI imaging, and histological analyses